In Chapter Four:

This chapter covers some of the biggest social changes that occurred because of capitalism through the bourgeois “management” of the world. Give attention to the following ideas in the text and video:

  • The role of education and discipline in managing the lower classes

  • How our view of our bodies and our relationship to time changed

  • Race as a social management tool

  • Changes in gender relations

  • The way commercial interactions shape our human interactions

  • Historical Materialism vs. Idealism

Accompanying Text

Please read the fourth chapter of All That Is Sacred Is Profaned, pages 73 - 93.

Study Questions

  1. We're often taught to see the end of feudalism as a net gain for humanity, but in many ways, it might be said that one awful system was replaced with another. How does the dominance of the current capitalist class differ from the dominance of those of feudal lords? How are they mere continuations of the same?

  2. The loss of the Commons is seen not just by Marxist feminists as a direct crime on women. Indigenous women activists, especially in the Global South, see the continued capitalist Enclosures as a war on women's wisdom and power. How does this change or inform your view of feminism? And how does this relate to or conflict with “mainstream” feminism's focus on equality in the capitalist workplace?

  3. Many behaviours we now consider decent, polite, or civil are a legacy of the Calvinist/capitalist push for morality. Deodorant and daily showers with soap, for instance, are only recent cultural “norms.” If you consider yourself “middle class,” how much of your perception of the hygiene or social behaviors of the poor might be part of this legacy? And what other social norms might this include?

  4. The Marxist framework and the social justice framework both have very similar things to say about identity-based oppression, but often come to different conclusions about what to do about it. I present here the Marxist view—how does this compare to what you have elsewhere learned about social justice, privilege, racism, etc.? Do you find this framework less adequate, more adequate, or a mix of both?

  5. The “disenchantment of the world” is something that Pagans actively fight. How does this disenchantment and the Calvinist “mechanistic” view of the world relate?

  6. The reality that race is a very recent creation is difficult for us to comprehend, especially since, like capitalism, racism seems always to have existed. But the end of capitalism will not necessarily mean the end of every managerial oppression the capitalists have created. What do you think would be needed to undo this legacy?